{"id":65067,"date":"2026-01-22T14:49:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T13:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/blog\/uncategorized-en\/peripheral-neuromodulation-from-science-to-clinical-practice\/"},"modified":"2026-01-22T15:16:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:16:14","slug":"peripheral-neuromodulation-from-science-to-clinical-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/blog\/nesa-microcurrents\/peripheral-neuromodulation-from-science-to-clinical-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"Peripheral neuromodulation: from science to clinical practice"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"65067\" class=\"elementor elementor-65067 elementor-65041\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403eb2da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"403eb2da\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-198b115a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"198b115a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW32759634 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\">Peripheral neuromodulation<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW32759634 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32759634 BCX0\"> is emerging as one of the most promising strategies in modern medicine. It is based on the application of <\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW32759634 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32759634 BCX0\">electrical stimuli to peripheral nerves<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW32759634 BCX0\" lang=\"ES-ES\" xml:lang=\"ES-ES\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32759634 BCX0\"> to modulate the activity of the nervous system. Its potential benefits include, among others, the management of chronic pain, inflammatory modulation, and neurological rehabilitation. However, an essential question arises: what does current scientific evidence tell us?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW32759634 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><h4><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-65043 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.36.01-300x163.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.36.01-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.36.01.png 566w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><br><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How does peripheral neuromodulation work?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/h4><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peripheral nerves connect the body with the brain. When injury or chronic disease occurs, these circuits can become dysregulated and hyperactive, leading to persistent pain, inflammation, or loss of function.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peripheral neuromodulation acts as a regulator of this activity. Some mechanisms proposed in the scientific literature include:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Activation of non-nociceptive A\u03b2 sensory fibres, which can compete with pain signals and reduce their transmission.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Modulation of the immune system, with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines in certain experimental models.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Autonomic balance, improving communication between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"multilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Neural plasticity stimulation, promoting the reorganisation of neural connections after injury or prolonged stimulation.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4> <\/h4><h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scientific evidence: where do we already have results?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/h4><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Below is a summary of some fields in which peripheral neuromodulation has shown relevant clinical outcomes:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><ul><li>Neuropathic pain: In postherpetic neuralgia and neuropathic pain in general, peripheral nerve stimulation has demonstrated significant analgesic effects in multiple clinical trials and systematic reviews.<\/li><li>Chronic low back pain: Clinical reviews recommend peripheral neuromodulation as an adjuvant option for patients with refractory chronic low back pain, although study designs remain heterogeneous.<\/li><li>Postoperative pain and phantom limb syndrome: Randomised trials show that percutaneous nerve stimulation applied during the weeks following amputation or surgery can reduce phantom limb pain and improve mobility in certain patients.<\/li><li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chronic inflammatory diseases: <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vagal <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">stimulation<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (both invasive and non-invasive) activates <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, reducing markers such as <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">TNF-\u03b1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">IL-6<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> in experimental and clinical studies on <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rheumatoid arthritis<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><h4> <\/h4><h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The role of the vagus nerve: beyond the periphery<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/h4><p>Although it belongs to the peripheral nervous system, the vagus nerve directly connects the organs, immune system and brain.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p>Its stimulation is considered a bridge between local and systemic neuromodulation, with a global impact on the body.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p>Non-invasive vagal stimulation (nVNS) devices are already approved for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this axis.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><h4> <\/h4><h4><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Where does NESA\u00ae fit into this scenario?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/h4><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">From a conceptual standpoint, there are two main approaches within peripheral neuromodulation:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><ul><li>Local intervention, directed at specific nerves for the treatment of localised conditions (such as chronic or postoperative pain).<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><li>Systemic intervention, aimed at modulating autonomic and inflammatory networks, influencing functions such as sleep, emotional balance and overall recovery.<span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><br>The NESA\u00ae XSIGNAL technology<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> is positioned within this second approach. Through gentle, non-invasive electrical stimulation applied at distal points of the body, it seeks to modulate the autonomic nervous system globally.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Potential effects include:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Contributing to the restoration of sympathetic\u2013parasympathetic balance.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reducing inflammatory hyperactivity associated with chronic pain and fatigue.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{\"335552541\":1,\"335559685\":720,\"335559991\":360,\"469769226\":\"Symbol\",\"469769242\":[8226],\"469777803\":\"left\",\"469777804\":\"\uf0b7\",\"469777815\":\"hybridMultilevel\"}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Supporting neurological and functional recovery, according to currently available clinical data.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><br>In this way, NESA\u00ae represents the clinical application of the latest advances in peripheral neuromodulation, offering an innovative approach to autonomic regulation and functional recovery, with a well-documented safety profile and a rapidly expanding field of evidence. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><h4><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-65050 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.43.31-300x166.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.43.31-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/nesa.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-01-22-a-las-14.43.31.png 564w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><br><strong>NESA\u00ae: Current Perspectives and Future Directions<\/strong><\/span><strong> <\/strong><\/h4><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Medicine and physiotherapy are moving towards personalised treatments, with less invasive devices and protocols tailored to each patient.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The main objective is to contribute to the management of complex conditions through solutions grounded in evidence, safety, and scientific rigour.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d083ada elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d083ada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Reference<\/h4><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bonaz, B., Sinniger, V., Pellissier, S., & Picq, C. (2021). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vagus nerve stimulation at the interface of brain\u2013gut interactions in inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(3), 161\u2013177. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-00388-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-020-00388-7<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\">Dawson, J., Liu, C. Y., Francisco, G. E., Cramer, S. C., Wolf, S. L., Dixit, A., &#8230; & Durand, D. M. (2021). <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW128288329 BCX0\">Vagus<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\"> nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): A randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\">The Lancet, 397<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\">(10284), 1545\u20131553. <\/span><\/span><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW128288329 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00475-X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00475-X<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-CA\" xml:lang=\"EN-CA\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW128288329 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW128288329 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Deer, T. R., et al. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2022). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Evidence-based consensus guidelines for peripheral nerve stimulation.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain Physician, 25<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(3), E305\u2013E324.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Deer, T. R., Pope, J. E., Lamer, T. J., Provenzano, D. A., FitzGerald, J. J., Hunter, C. W., & Mekhail, N. (2024). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: Current perspectives and future directions.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain and Therapy, 13<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2), 351\u2013367. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-024-00659-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-024-00659-6<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Gilmore, C. A., Deer, T. R., Desai, M. J., et al. (2025).  <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Four-year follow-up from a prospective, multicentre study of percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain and Therapy, 14<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, 1103\u20131115. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-025-00737-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-025-00737-3<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Gilmore, C. A., Kapural, L., McGee, M. J., Boggs, J. W., & Rosen, A. (2022). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain: A prospective multicentre trial.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain Medicine, 23<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(7), 1223\u20131234. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnab329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnab329<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Goadsby, P. J., Grosberg, B. M., Mauskop, A., Cady, R., & Simmons, K. A. (2014). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for acute treatment of cluster headache: The PREVA study.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cephalalgia, 34<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(12), 986\u2013999. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102414557899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102414557899<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Koopman, F. A., Chavan, S. S., Miljko, S., Grazio, S., Sokolovi\u0107, S., Schuurman, P. R., Mehta, A. D., Levine, Y. A., Faltys, M., Zitnik, R., Tracey, K. J., & Tak, P. P. (2016). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(29), 8284\u20138289. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605635113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605635113<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rao, R., Zhou, Y., D\u2019Souza, R. S., & Bendel, M. A. (2021). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for postoperative and phantom limb pain: A systematic review.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain Reports, 6<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(6), e972. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000972<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rauck, R. L., et al. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2021). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of post-amputation pain.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pain Medicine, 22<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(3), 548\u2013560. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa430\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pm\/pnaa430<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sio, L. C. O., Hom, B., Garg, S., & Abd-Elsayed, A. (2023). <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mechanism of action of peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: A narrative review.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(5), 4540. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24054540\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24054540<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6}\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peripheral neuromodulation is emerging as one of the most promising strategies in modern medicine. It is based on the application of electrical stimuli to peripheral nerves to modulate the activity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128,"featured_media":65062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331,353,399,398],"tags":[388],"class_list":["post-65067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nesa-microcurrents","category-non-invasive-neuromodulation","category-profesionales-sanitarios","category-tecnologia-nesa","tag-professionals"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65067"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65068,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65067\/revisions\/65068"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nesa.world\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}