the complexmade simple
It has arrived. Our first non-invasive global neuromodulator model and unique in the world as endorsed medical technology. The technology is designed to emit up to 19,000 bioelectric impulses per minute, more than 1,100,000 impulses per hour. These harmoniously coordinated impulses, at physiological frequencies between 1 and 15hz, with a slight and subtle power that allows the gradual generation of endogenous neuromodulatory responses that are maintained over time, achieving clinical improvements in patients, especially in areas where this involved a nervous system disorder
autonomous.
Electrical physiology of global neuromodulation NESA
NESA non-invasive global neuromodulation is based on percutaneous treatment with electric microcurrent, which is governed by Wilder's law and the concept of hormesis (Diazguerrero et al., 2013), causing imperceptible sensations through low impedance areas. The effect of the electric current is multiplied thanks to its delivery through multiple pathways that structurally cover the entire body, through the electrodes of the extremities and the guider. The foundation of non-invasive NESA neuromodulation is “topographic electrostimulation”, this means that the impact of a weak electrical signal is amplified thanks to its input through multiple pathways. In order for this input to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to configure a structured and dynamic electrical current supply circuit, which encompasses the input points that jointly connect with the autonomic nervous system or related physiological functions, and includes, at its discretion, time, the central pathways (central nervous system).
After the inputs are globally processed by the CNS, a series of neuromodulated responses of the stochastic neuronal cascades (Stein, 1965) of the autonomic nervous system are generated, causing variations in the endogenous responses of those dysfunctional or pathological bioelectric systems.
It is due to this unique characteristic that NESA global neuromodulation has enormous potential for clinical applications in the field of neurology, rehabilitation and physiotherapy and possibly in psychiatry. The mechanisms in general terms that explain it are (Rocha et al., 2019):
- Modulation of neural cascades of the autonomic nervous system.
- Modification of orthodromic impulses that activate descending inhibitory tracts.
- Activation or inhibition of afferent and descending regulation mechanisms of neuromodulators and neurotransmitters.
Modulate the autonomic nervous system
without invading the body it is possible
NESA® MICROCURRENTS
INFORMATION ISSUER
NON-INVASIVE NEUROMODULATION NESA® PROVIDES MASSIVE ADDED VALUE
Thanks to the advanced electronics of the NESA XSIGNAL®, it allows us to emit thousands of impulses per minute in a coordinated manner through the lower impedance nerve pathways, all the impulses are coordinated through the guiding electrode, key, fundamental, essential for you to be the director of the treatment you want to get.
Through the 24 electrodes strategically placed on nerves of the peripheral pathways, the coordination with the directing electrode, adding to the physical characteristics of NESA® microcurrents from more than 20 years of research, we are able to transform electrical stimulation into electrophysiological information. .
Wilder's law or Law of initial value is an empirical-statistical rule that states that the stimulus, if it exists, the response will also be standard with a decrease in the initial stimulus. That is, the change in the initial stimulus will be less the greater the initial value. In other words, “the magnitude of the psychophysiological changes depends on the initial tonic level from which one starts. If the tonic level is high, then the responses or changes are smaller than if the tonic level is low” (Mattson, 2008) and this concept is part of the application of NESA microcurrents.
Linked to Wilder's law is the concept of hormesis; which can be defined as "the process by which exposure to a low dose of a chemical agent or environmental factor, which is harmful at high doses, induces an adaptive response and/or a beneficial effect in the cell or organism" ( Calabrese & Baldwin, 1999). This indicates that through the hormesis of a stimulus (slowly low dose) a pre-existing stimulus can be modulated. If we extrapolate it to neural models; the application through Wilder's law and hormesis of electrical stimuli can modulate the existing firings that may be altered due to a pathology, modifying their threshold and therefore causing modulated and different efferent responses, depending on the objectives pursued (Henry et al., 2016; Vidal et al., 2019).
Therefore, the application of NESA microcurrents with their determined physical characteristics causes an input at low and constant doses that can neuromodulate neuronal action potentials, affected by an abnormality in their functioning, causing endogenous changes and adaptive responses with the aim of improve the affected system. Although it is true, stimuli of these characteristics are demonstrating that neuronal plasticity can be generated, generating neuronal connections that normalize the function that has been electrically altered.
BIOELECTRICAL REORGANIZATION
MAKE THE RESPONSES OF ENDOGENOUS IMPROVEMENT
OF YOUR PATIENTS BE YOUR SIGNATURE
The type of anode and cathode low-frequency microcurrents applied globally has as its main objective global neuromodulation of the organism. The characteristics of the bioelectrical stimuli of NESA® microcurrents are the culmination of the exhaustive analysis of more than 20 years on the operation of bioelectrical directionality and the bioelectrical behavior of the human body.
All based on the objective of being able to emit exogenous stimuli and that at the same time these stimuli are interpreted by our organism as endogenous, generating a gradual response to improve the functioning of the nervous system; with the premise that whenever there is dysfunction, there is a bioelectric dysfunction and this must be modulated.
Theory of cascades and stochastic neuronal firing modulated by non-invasive neuromodulation NESA
When a stimulus or input enters the electrical circuit of the organism, it begins to spread thanks to the neural connections. To explain how neurons communicate and how the stimulus, also called action or firing potential, is propagated, there is the phenomenon of stochastic resonance. It can be defined as any phenomenon in which a nonlinear system can detect an otherwise undetectable stimulus by adding a random stimulus to the system, known in that case as noise.
The physical phenomenon of stochastic resonance requires an activation threshold. This means that an exogenous stimulus (called noise), which may be light, current or pain, for example, favors the action or firing potential of neurons to reach the necessary threshold to propagate randomly or stochastic. However, this randomness is independent of each neuron, but allows synchronization in the impulse cascades of the neural networks (Capitán Maestrando, 2013; Lopera-Chaves, 2011; Tuckwell, 1989). There are numerous theoretical studies in which the activity of a neuron is seen as a stochastic process (Tuckwell, 1989; Tuckwell & Le Corfec, 1998) since the assiduity of these firings and their frequencies have not been mathematically determined.
This phenomenon has been evidenced in a wide number of biological systems. The presence of a certain amount of stimulus can increase signals such as peripheral nerve action potentials or transmission at synapses of neural networks in the cortical system related to brain function. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance has also been shown to improve motor function for balance control (Priplata et al., 2002), motor coordination in gait function, and recently even in the development of fine motor tasks. (Hodgkin et al., 1952; Schwiening, 2013). However, studying the neural protocols that exist in the human body is still an unattainable reality; To try to solve this intrigue, mathematical models are made in bioengineering and artificial intelligence (Capitán Maestrando, 2013).
NON-INVASIVE CONCEPT
NEURONS AND GLIA, OUR ULTIMATE OBSESSION
Our neurons depend one hundred percent on our bioelectric activity. We look for a fusion in the alternation of stochastic microcurrents as if it were a score, speaking the same “bioelectric language” of the organism, with the sole purpose that these impulses in harmony help the nervous system to improve its own endogenous functioning.
The exacerbation of the tissue with stimuli with frequencies and intensities outside the endogenous of the organism does not enter as an approach strategy for us of Global Neuromodulation®, which aims to improve the functioning of the autonomous nervous system.
For all these reasons, the clinical approach is totally imperceptible physically, but totally observable in recording systems (EEG, ECG, Actigraphy, etc).
routes of entry
NESA microcurrents are a stimulus or input that is introduced into the patient's electrical circuit. The position of the electrodes is a very important factor for the effectiveness of the treatment. Delving into a "topographic stimulation" (entry route / circuit structure) that corresponds to the innervation of sensory peripheral nerves throughout the body and, in addition, has an outstanding physiological function and is highly effective. The cutaneous nerves of the sensory nerves are the basic point of application of the treatment with NESA microcurrents, due to the low impedance that they support in relation to the cutaneous structures. Another interesting section of the technology is established for the thoracic nerves, in which points were established at each spinal level. Derived from the control gate theory, the need to establish a "structural and dynamic electrical current supply circuit, which encompasses the central pathways" is established so that the input to the peripheral nerves has an effect on the nervous systems and the functions related physiological conditions, which are used in the possibilities of placement of the aiming electrode.
The cutaneous nerves of the sensory nerves are the basic point of application of the treatment with NESA microcurrents, due to the low impedance that they support in relation to the cutaneous structures. Another interesting section of the technology is established for the thoracic nerves, in which points were established at each spinal level. Derived from the control gate theory, the need to establish a "structural and dynamic electrical current supply circuit, which encompasses the central pathways" is established so that the input to the peripheral nerves has an effect on the nervous systems and the functions related physiological
GLOBAL NEUROMODULATION®
The entire nervous system is harmoniously connected
The emission terminals of NESA® technology are carried out through strategic areas of the lower impedance peripheral nerve, where thousands of imperceptible stimuli from NESA® microcurrents generate a global response, interacting with our entire body over 150,000 kilometers (Pakkenberg et al) of neuronal and glial pathways.
The ability to neuromodulate the nervous system without generating accommodation to the current is possible.
GLOBAL NEUROMODULATION®
The entire nervous system is harmoniously connected
neuroglia modulation
Current studies have shown that microglia and astrocytes in the spinal cord participate in the maintenance and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (Chadwick & Goode, 2006; Stevenson et al., 2020). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]) favor glial activation and, consequently, neuroinflammation. MMP-9 induces neuropathic pain and microglia activation during the early stages of neuroinflammation, while MMP-2 maintains neuropathic pain and astrocyte activation during the inflammation process. As a result of the injury, microglia and astrocytes release pronociceptive substances that increase pain transmission. These include prostaglandins, proinflammatory cytokines, ATP, excitatory amino acids, and nitric oxide (Autillo‐Touati et al., 1988).
Ephrin-B/EphB signaling complexes have been shown to be involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain after peripheral nerve injury. These complexes activate astrocytes and microglia, positively regulating the phosphorylation of NR1, NR2B and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Such processes increase the expression of glutamate receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and thus promote excitatory nociceptive input. Spinal cord glial cells express P2X4, TLR2/4, and NMDA receptors, which are involved in modulating neuronal activity (Stevenson et al., 2020). Neuroglia neuromodulation may explain the observed clinical results of non-invasive NESA neuromodulation. However, studies in animal models are required to determine changes in the concentrations of these neurotransmitters.
Theoretical models: www.cientperiodique.com/article/CPQOS/5/4/97
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
The key is in the vagus nerve
The autonomic nervous system is the key and the focus of the development of this technology. The importance of influencing the most important parasympathetic nerve in the body, the vagus nerve.
We mainly seek to influence it through the peripheral pathways, coordinating the impulses through the brachial plexus, achieving a gradual neuromodulation of the parasympathetic autonomous nervous system.
All research and efforts are focused on ANS processes, such as sleep quality, cardiac variability (HRV), psychosomatic processes, brain waves through electroencephalography, etc.
Target systems in global neuromodulation NESA
Vagus nerve
The Vagus plays a crucial role in the redirection of nerve impulses when seeking to neuromodulate the CNS or systemically the organism. The action mechanism of NESA microcurrents in Vago neuromodulation may be multifactorial for the CNS; neuromodulating propagated cortical depression and inhibiting posterior trigeminovascular nociceptive pathways (Chen et al., 2016), acting on the trigemino-cervical complex (Akerman et al., 2017) and parasympathetic pathways (Möller et al., 2018). Therefore, it is an important ally in migraine and headaches, especially in cluster headache (CR).
Being global neuromodulation, the vagus also plays an important role in the transmission of cascade modulation (Capitán Maestrando, 2013) through its vast network reaching the solar plexus and mesenteric nervous system, where sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are combined. (Bouchet, 1979) allowing clinical results in pathologies that affect this area.
The autonomic or vegetative nervous system plays a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system is primarily an efferent system. Most of the actions it controls are involuntary, although some, such as breathing, act in conjunction with conscious actions. The ANS, unlike the somatic and central nervous system, is involuntary and responds primarily to nerve impulses from the spinal cord, brain stem, and hypothalamus. Also, some portions of the cerebral cortex, such as the limbic cortex, can transmit impulses to lower centers and thus influence autonomic control (McCorry, 2007).
DIRECTING ELECTRODE
You decide where to act
The NESA® targeting electrode is the key to providing the versatility of approach to the patient. You will place it based on your clinical reasoning, it will make you decide to approach the patient with non-invasive neuromodulation with:
CORE TREATMENT
Optimizes the nervous system
long-term core
Make the base of the well-being of your patients, their sleep, their stress, their brain waves, this in its optimal state of
Health.
METAMER TREATMENT
The innervation of the spine, the cornerstone of our body
It neuromodulates the systems innervated from the metameres.
FOCAL TREATMENT
Causes a reorganization
bioelectric locally
Optimizes mechanotransduction of the system and increases tissue tensegrity
Main known clinical functions
of Non-Invasive Neuromodulation
Chronic pain relief
and neuropathic
Quality improvement
of the dream
stress reduction
and anxiety
fatigue reduction
muscular and chronic
Symptom improvement
overactive bladder
